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Materials
Relevant books, explaining materials and material behaviour, are the books of M.F. Ashby and coauthors [Ashby2005, Ashby2007, Ashby2013]. Ashby et al., in their book about materials and the environment [Ashby2013], included a chapter with an overview of ±50 materials and many physical, not only mechanical, properties of these materials plus design guidelines how to apply these materials, see Figure 1
The ±50 materials in Ashby[Ashby2013] |
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Metals and alloys |
Polymers and elastomers |
Ceramics and glasses |
Hybrids: composities, forams, wood, and paper |
Man-made and natural fibers |
Low-carbon steel |
ABS |
Brick |
CFRP |
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low-alloy steel |
Polyamide, PA |
Stone |
GFRP |
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Stainless steel |
Polypropylene, PP |
Concrete |
Sheet molding compound |
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Cast iron |
Polyethylene, PE |
Alumina |
Bulk molding compound |
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Aluminum alloys |
Polycarbonate, PC |
Soda-lime glass |
Furan-based composites |
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Magnesium alloys |
PET |
Borosilicate glass |
rigid polymer foam |
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Titanium alloys |
PVC |
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Flexible polymer foam |
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Copper alloys |
Polystyrene, PS |
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Softwood, along grain |
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Lead alloys |
Polyactide, PLA |
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Softwood, across grain |
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Zinc alloys |
PHB |
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Hardwood, along grain |
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Nickel-chrome alloys |
Epoxy |
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Hardwood, across grain |
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Nickel based super alloys |
Polyester |
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Plywood |
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Silver |
Phenolic |
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Paper and cardboard |
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Gold |
Natural rubber |
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Butyl rubber, BR |
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EVA |
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Polychloroprene, CR |
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The data categories mentioned in this book are: 1. Mechanical properties,2. Thermal properties,3. Electrical properties,4. Eco properties regarding - material, - processing of the material5. End of life properties and 6. Typical use of the material.Furthermore, this book contains data about how much energy is needed and how much $CO_2$ is generated to produce a kilogram of this material, this is especially useful for design for sustainability.- Material properties- Deformations caused by loads- How to select materialsMaterial parameters can be found here: - Materials and the environment book